Androgenic alopecia: what it is and why it happens

Androgenic alopecia is the medical name for pattern hair loss. You probably know it as male pattern baldness or female pattern hair loss. The main driver is dihydrotestosterone (DHT), a hormone that shrinks hair follicles over time. Genetics decide how sensitive your follicles are to DHT, so if family members lost hair early, that raises your chances.

Hair loss usually starts with a receding hairline or thinning at the crown in men. Women more often get overall thinning across the top of the scalp rather than a clear bald spot. It’s a gradual process — often years — but spotting it early gives you more options.

Quick ways to tell if it’s androgenic alopecia

Do a simple check: a hair pull test where you gently tug a small bunch — losing three or fewer hairs is normal. Look for miniaturized hairs (very fine, short hairs) and a pattern that follows family history. If hair loss is sudden, patchy, or comes with other symptoms like weight change or fatigue, see a doctor — other conditions like thyroid issues or iron deficiency can cause shedding.

Treatments that actually work — what to expect

Topical minoxidil (Rogaine) is available over the counter and helps many people. It can slow hair loss and thicken existing hairs. Expect to use it consistently for at least 3–6 months before you notice changes. Some people see an early shedding phase; that’s usually temporary.

Finasteride is an oral drug that blocks the conversion of testosterone to DHT. It’s prescription-only for men and often gives better results than minoxidil alone. Typical benefits show after 6–12 months. Be aware of possible side effects like lowered libido or mood changes; discuss risks with your doctor.

Other options include dutasteride (stronger DHT blocker, used off-label in many places), low-level laser therapy, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections, and hair transplant surgery. Transplants give the most visible, lasting results but cost more and require a skilled surgeon.

For women, treatments differ. Minoxidil is commonly recommended. Finasteride is not usually advised for women of childbearing age because of pregnancy risks. Blood tests for iron, vitamin D, and thyroid function are helpful if thinning is unusual.

Practical everyday steps matter: avoid tight hairstyles that pull on hair, cut back on smoking, and manage stress — chronic stress fuels shedding. A balanced diet with enough protein, iron, and vitamin D supports hair growth; supplements only help when you’re deficient.

Want to act now? Take photos of your scalp to track progress, talk to a dermatologist for a clear diagnosis, and pick one treatment to try consistently. Treatments take time — patience and steady use are key. If you need help choosing a clinic or understanding side effects, a trusted healthcare professional can guide you through options that fit your life and goals.